Cargo launch vehicles to low earth orbit

There are two primary space transportation capabilities required to support both base programs and expanded mission requirements: earth-to-orbit (ETO) transportation systems and space transfer vehicle systems. Existing and new ETO vehicles required to support mission requirements, and planned robotic missions, along with currently planned ETO vehicles are provided. Lunar outposts, Mars' outposts, base and expanded model, ETO vehicles, advanced avionics technologies, expert systems, network architecture and operations systems, and technology transfer are discussed

America's North Coast: A Benefit-Cost Analysis of a Program to Protect and Restore the Great Lakes

Examines the baseline ecological conditions of the Great Lakes and offers a plan for the area's environmental protection and restoration. Demonstrates how a restoration program can provide economic benefits that substantially exceed its costs

The X-33 Program, Proving Single Stage to Orbit

The X-33, NASA's flagship for reusable space plane technology demonstration, is on course to permit a crucial decision for the nation by the end of this decade. Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, NASA's partner in this effort, has led a dedicated and talented industry and government team that have met and solved numerous challenges within the first 26 months. This program began by accepting the mandate that included two unprecedented and highly challenging goals: 1) demonstrate single stage to orbit technologies in flight and ground demonstration in less than 42 months and 2) demonstrate a new government and industry management relationship working together with industry in the lead

Alexander Glazounov and His Concerto in E-flat Major for Saxophone and String Orchestra

This paper analyzes Alexander Glazounov's Concerto in E-Flat major for saxophone and string orchestra and explores the music and style of Alexander Glazounov. Robert E. Austin provides a complete listing of the composer's works as well as biographical details about his life

DO LATITUDE, ELEVATION, TEMPERATURE, AND PRECIPITATION INFLUENCE BODY AND CLUTCH SIZES OF FEMALE COMMON FIVE-LINED SKINKS, PLESTIODON FASCIATUS (LINNAEUS, 1758)?

Common Five-lined Skinks (Plestiodon fasciatus) have an extensive distribution that includes much of eastern North America. We examined 490 female specimens (274 with putative clutch sizes) from throughout the range to see if latitude, elevation, mean annual temperature, and/or mean annual precipitation affected body or clutch sizes. We predicted that larger females would produce larger clutches, latitude and elevation would negatively affect both body and clutch sizes, and that temperature and precipitation would exert a positive effect. Our results did not consistently support those predictions. Body size was positively associated with latitude, negatively associated with temperature, and not associated with elevation or precipitation. Clutch size was not related to female body size, but in most instances was positively associated with temperature and precipitation but negatively associated with elevation and latitude. Effectively K-selected in the North and r-selected in the South, body and clutch sizes in this species appear to be responding to different select

Houve um holocausto chileno? Campos de concentração, genocídio político e a ditadura de Pinochet

This essay discusses the Pinochet Dictatorship’s human rights violations. We argue that the Chilean military’s torture, disappearance, and execution of a significant part of its population, with development of a State terrorism and institutionalized racist practices constitute a holocaust. The U.S.-sponsored military regime killed with an allconsuming ideological obsession, and displayed a bureaucratic dedication to eliminating communism.Este ensaio discute as violações de direitos humanos na ditadura Pinochet. Argumentamos que a tortura, desaparecimento e execução de milhares de chilenos pelos militares, com implantação de terrorismo de Estado e práticas racistas institucionalizadas, constituem um “holocausto”. Patrocinado pelos EUA, o regime militar matou com uma obsessão ideológica destruidora e mostrou eficiência burocrática para eliminar o comunismo

Disaggregation and Targeting of Universal Service Support

Introduction The actual cost of providing telecommunications services in rural America is generally higher, per customer, than is the cost of providing these services in urban areas. This difference is due in part to the lower density of population of rural areas. Rural carriers, in contrast to urban carriers, have fewer customers to share basic fixed costs (for example, switches) and these customers are separated by greater distances, increasing outside plant costs, than are their urban counterparts. The disparity in costs is also related to the economies of scale and economies of skill enjoyed by large urban carriers that are not available to rural carriers. For example, the Federal Communications Commission’s forward-looking economic cost model shows a cost of $866.27, without adjustment for overhead costs, to provide a local loop in a Wyoming wire center, compared to a cost of$9.97 to provide a local loop in a New York City wire center.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60280/1/austinchilders.pd

Corticosterone Regulates Both Naturally Occurring and Cocaine‐Induced Dopamine Signaling by Selectively Decreasing Dopamine Uptake

Stressful and aversive events promote maladaptive reward‐seeking behaviors such as drug addiction by acting, in part, on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Using animal models, data from our laboratory and others show that stress and cocaine can interact to produce a synergistic effect on reward circuitry. This effect is also observed when the stress hormone corticosterone is administered directly into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), indicating that glucocorticoids act locally in dopamine terminal regions to enhance cocaine\u27s effects on dopamine signaling. However, prior studies in behaving animals have not provided mechanistic insight. Using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry, we examined the effect of systemic corticosterone on spontaneous dopamine release events (transients) in the NAc core and shell in behaving rats. A physiologically relevant systemic injection of corticosterone (2 mg/kg i.p.) induced an increase in dopamine transient amplitude and duration (both voltammetric measures sensitive to decreases in dopamine clearance), but had no effect on the frequency of transient release events. This effect was compounded by cocaine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.). However, a second experiment indicated that the same injection of corticosterone had no detectable effect on the dopaminergic encoding of a palatable natural reward (saccharin). Taken together, these results suggest that corticosterone interferes with naturally occurring dopamine uptake locally, and this effect is a critical determinant of dopamine concentration specifically in situations in which the dopamine transporter is pharmacologically blocked by cocaine